criminal background check basics for employers and individuals

What to expect

A criminal background check verifies identity and searches public records to reveal reportable convictions, pending cases, and relevant court outcomes. Reputable screeners require written consent, follow fair reporting rules, and tailor scope by role and location.

• Identity verification and past addresses to guide where records are pulled
• County, state, and federal court searches for felonies and misdemeanors
• Sex offender registries and applicable sanctions or restrictions
• Clarification of dispositions, such as conviction, dismissal, or diversion
• Lookback periods that vary by jurisdiction and job requirements

Timeline and accuracy

Most checks finish in one to three business days, but manual courthouse searches, holidays, or mismatched identifiers can extend timelines. Providing your full name variations, date of birth, and prior addresses reduces delays and helps avoid false positives.

Preparing and common questions

Gather documentation, be ready to explain context for older cases, and ask how results will be used. You can request a copy, dispute errors, and seek expungement advice where eligible. Employers should use consistent criteria and apply a job-related, individualized assessment.